Glossary

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Accessory fruit: a fruit where the fleshy part is derived not from the ovary but from some adjacent tissue.
Amacan: (Filipino) a material made of bamboo.
Astringent: also the dry, puckering mouth feel caused by tannins found in many fruits. The tannins denature the salivary proteins, causing a rough "sandpapery" sensation in the mouth.

Bark: is the outermost layer of stems and roots of woody plants such as trees. It overlays the wood.

Canopy: refers to the extent of the outer layer of a trees leaves.
Cashew apple: An oval to pear-shaped accessory fruit or false fruit that develops from the receptacle of the cashew flower (the true fruit being the cashew nut).
Chutney: is a term for a variety of sweet and spicy condiments, originally from South Asia. Chutney may be dry or wet; dry chutney is generally in the form of powder.
Colander: is a type of sieve used in cooking for separating liquids and solids. It is conventionally made of a light metal, such as aluminum or thinly rolled stainless steel, although it is not uncommon for it to be made of plastic. A colander is pierced with a pattern of small holes for the liquid to drain through, but allowing the solids to remain inside the sieve itself. Colanders often take the form of a large bowl with a built-in stand to allow water to drain out the bottom as well as the sides.
Corn: (also called clavi) are specially-shaped calluses of dead skin that usually occur on thin or glabrous (hairless and smooth) skin surfaces, especially on the dorsa of toes or fingers.
Corymb: is similar to a panicle with the same branching structure, but with the lower flowers.

Decant: is a process for the separation of mixtures, carefully pouring a solution from a container, leaving the precipitate (sediments) in the bottom of the container. Usually a small amount of solution must be left in the container, and care must be taken to prevent a small amount of precipitate from flowing with the solution out of the container. It is generally used to separate a liquid from an insoluble solid, e.g. in red wine, where the wine is decanted from the potassium bitartrate crystals.
Drought-resistant: is resilience to an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply.
Drupe: is a fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin; and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a shell (the pit or stone) of hardened endocarp with a seed inside. The hard, lignified stone (or pit) is derived from the ovary wall of the flower.

Elephantiasis: is a disease that is characterized by the thickening of the skin and underlying tissues, especially in the legs and genitals.

Fermentation: the conversion of carbohydrates into alcohols or acids under anaerobic conditions used for making certain foods.
Funnel: - is a pipe with a wide, often conical mouth and a narrow stem. It is used to channel liquid or fine-grained substances into containers with a small opening. Without a funnel, much spillage would occur.

Glycolipid: carbohydrate-attached lipids. Their role is to provide energy and also serve as markers for cellular recognition.

Intercropping: is the agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops in the same space at the same time (Andrews & Kassam 1976). A practice often associated with sustainable agriculture and organic farming, intercropping is one form of polyculture, using companion planting principles.

Jam: also known as Fruit preserves which refers to fruit, or vegetables, that have been prepared, canned or jarred for long term storage. The preparation of fruit preserves traditionally involves the use of pectin. There are various types of fruit preserves made globally, and they can be made from sweet or savory ingredients.
Jute sack: a container made from a long, soft, shiny vegetable fiber that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. It is produced from plants in the genus Corchorus, family Malvaceae.

Ladle: is a type of spoon used to serve soup or other liquids. Although designs vary, a typical ladle has a long handle terminating in a deep bowl, frequently with the bowl oriented at an angle to the handle to facilitate lifting liquid out of a pot or other vessel.
Leprosy: is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae.Leprosy is primarily a granulomatous disease of the peripheral nerves and mucosa of the upper respiratory tract; skin lesions are the primary external symptom.Left untreated, leprosy can be progressive, causing permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes.

Medicinal plants: are plants which may have medicinal properties. Almost all our present medicines are derived from research on medicinal plants.

Nut: in botany is a simple dry fruit with one seed (rarely two) in which the ovary wall becomes very hard (stony or woody) at maturity, and where the seed remains unattached or unfused with the ovary wall.

Obovate: (of a leaf shape) egg-shaped with the narrower end at the base.
Osmotic process: Osmosis is the passage of water from a region of high water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane to a region of low water concentration. Semi-permeable membranes are very thin layers of material (cell membranes are semi-permeable) which allow some things to pass through them but prevent other things from passing through.

Panicle: a branched cluster of flowers in which the branches are racemes.
Psoriasis: is a disease which affects the skin and joints. It commonly causes red scaly patches to appear on the skin.
Pulp: the soft fleshy part of a fruit.
Purgative: - Laxatives (or purgatives) are foods, compounds, or drugs taken to induce bowel movements, most often taken to treat constipation.

Receptacle: the modified or expanded portion of the stem or axis that bears the organs of a single flower or the florets of a flower head.
Reforestation: the process of restoring and recreating areas of woodlands or forest that once existed but were deforested or otherwise removed or destroyed at some point in the past.
Reverse osmosis (RO): is a separation process that uses pressure to force a solvent through a membrane that retains the solute on one side and allows the pure solvent to pass to the other side. More formally, it is the process of forcing a solvent from a region of high solute concentration through a membrane to a region of low solute concentration by applying a pressure in excess of the osmotic pressure.

Siphon: is a continuous tube that allows liquid to drain from a reservoir through an intermediate point that is higher than the reservoir, the up-slope flow being driven only by hydrostatic pressure without any need for pumping. It is necessary that the final end of the tube be lower than the liquid surface in the reservoir.
Star of anise: is a spice that closely resembles anise in flavor, obtained from the star-shaped pericarp of Illicium verum.
Sunka: is a traditional Filipino Game played by two protagonists. The object of the game is to amass stones or cowrie shells in your home base (bahay) by continuously distributing the shells around lesser holes until you run out of shells to distribute. The person who collects the most shells in his/her bahay wins.

Tannin: Any of various complex phenolic substances of plant origin; used in tanning and in medicine.
Tiklis: (Filipino) a large basket made of rattan.

Wart: is generally a small, rough tumor, typically on hands and feet, which can resemble a cauliflower or a solid blister.